Microcephaly is a congenital anomaly associated with a wide range of
etiological factors such as infections, medications/ substances, geneticabnormalities and radiation.
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| Microcephaly |
Among the infectious agents, Zika virus infection is one of the latest
epidemiologic highlights and has been associated with a large number of
microcephaly cases in Brazil, particularly between 2015 and 2016. The Southern
region, however, has a much lower incidence of notified cases during this
period of time. It is, therefore, imperative that other agents are considered,
such as Toxoplasma gondii and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), both endemic
in this region. Environmental factors that are teratogenic must also be
included in the differential diagnosis as common etiologies. Molecular testing,
such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for toxoplasmosis and viral load for
HIV are considered the gold standard diagnostic tests for such pathologies. Read more>>>>>
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